Knowledge Center

Understanding Agricultural Markets: Key Drivers and Trends

Written by Jake Hanley | Jun 18, 2025 10:52:17 AM

 How the Golden Grain Cycle May Help RIAs Navigate Opportunities in a Foundational Asset Class

Agricultural Commodities: Cyclical by Nature, Strategic by Design

Agricultural markets move to their own tempo—driven not by earnings reports or interest rate expectations but by sunlight, rainfall, and crop yields. This natural rhythm, combined with global demand pressures and geopolitical friction, gives rise to a distinct set of market forces often underrepresented in traditional asset allocations. 

For RIAs seeking uncorrelated exposure or inflation-sensitive strategies, agricultural commodities may offer timely portfolio benefits. Historically, they’ve moved independently of equities and fixed income and may serve as a potential hedge in volatile or rising-rate environments.1

But beyond these benefits, agriculture is a story of predictable cycles and structural demand growth. At the center of that story is Teucrium’s Golden Grain Cycle—a repeatable pattern that may offer insight into where we are in the market and where prices may be headed next.

Understanding the Golden Grain Cycle: A Three-Stage Framework

Teucrium’s Golden Grain Cycle distills decades of grain market behavior into a clear, three-stage cycle rooted in economic fundamentals. The cycle is not just seasonal—it reflects the broader relationship between supply, demand, and price behavior over time.

As Sal Gilbertie, Teucrium’s President, notes:

Stage 1: Prices trade at or near the cost of production
This is often the longest phase. In years of surplus production—when supply exceeds demand—prices gravitate toward the national average cost of production (historically around $3.50 for front-month corn futures). Farmers’ margins are compressed, and incentives to plant additional acreage decline.

Stage 2: Prices advance amid supply/demand imbalance
Lower plantings or unexpected disruptions (weather, geopolitical events) historically have led to tighter supplies. Inventories are drawn down as demand exceeds production, and prices have risen—sometimes dramatically. In fact, front-month corn futures have historically doubled or more from Stage 1 levels during previous cycles.2

Stage 3: Supplies build, and prices head back toward production costs
Higher prices incentivize farmers to plant more. As a result, production rises, supply catches up with demand, and prices trend back toward cost-of-production levels. The cycle resets.

This cycle is not theoretical—it’s observable, historically persistent, and informed by natural and economic forces. Importantly for RIAs, it provides a framework for understanding potential entry points and market context.

What Drives These Cycles: Supply Pressures, Demand Shifts, and Structural Themes

At a fundamental level, grain markets are shaped by the tension between consistent global demand and uneven production cycles. There is only one harvest per year in North America. When that harvest underdelivers, the impact is felt worldwide.

  • Production variability: Drought, flood, heat, and frost can all disrupt supply—especially when acreage planted is already reduced due to low-margin years.
  • Global demand growth: Emerging markets continue to drive higher food consumption, particularly protein demand, which increases the need for feed grains like corn and soybeans.
  • Geopolitical and trade shocks: Export bans, tariffs, or regional conflicts can quickly tighten markets, creating short-term price dislocations.
  • Inventory drawdowns: When supply cannot meet demand, the world draws from stored reserves—magnifying pricing pressure.

These macro and micro forces set the stage for the cycle. But for RIAs, the key takeaway is this: grain prices are rarely static. They tend to oscillate around production cost levels, offering periods of potential growth and tactical opportunity.

Macroeconomic Context: How Agriculture Behaves vs. Traditional Asset Classes

Agricultural commodities have historically offered low correlation to stocks and bonds, and they often respond differently to inflation and interest rate regimes.

  • Inflation responsiveness: Grains are food, an essential good, and their prices are often among the first to reflect shifts in real-world inflation.
  • Interest rate sensitivity: As rates rise, investors may rotate into hard assets or inflation-hedging strategies— likely benefiting commodities.
  • Speculation and capital flows: Futures markets attract institutional interest, particularly during volatile cycles. That capital flow can further amplify price movements.

These attributes may make agricultural commodities appealing as a potential portfolio diversifier—particularly in environments where traditional assets struggle.

Positioning Agriculture in Client Portfolios: Accessible, Practical, and Timely

The good news for RIAs is that exposure to agriculture no longer requires managing complex futures contracts or dealing with tax complications.

Teucrium’s ETFs are purpose-built to provide transparent exposure to individual grain markets (like corn, wheat, and soybeans) and diversified agricultural baskets. 

RIAs may utilize these ETFs to take:

  • Strategic positions: Adding long-term exposure to agriculture as part of an inflation-aware or real asset strategy.
  • Tactical positions: Responding to timely developments—weather risk, tightening supply, or geopolitical stress.

Because the Golden Grain Cycle may offer a clear lens into price cycles, RIAs may use it to inform client conversations, build confidence in allocation decisions, and align with macro themes.

Conclusion: Opportunity in a Market Rooted in the Real World

The Golden Grain Cycle reveals a recurring pattern—one based not on speculation but on the enduring relationship between supply, demand, and human food consumption. For RIAs navigating today’s unsteady investment environment, agriculture presents a grounded, real-asset opportunity that may offer both return potential and diversification benefits.

Teucrium’s ETFs are designed with the goal to make this opportunity accessible—without the complexity of managing a futures account and with the structural transparency advisors require. By understanding the cycle—and recognizing where we are within it—RIAs may better position their clients to capture what this essential, yet underutilized, asset class could offer in the months and years ahead.

To learn more about Teucrium, schedule a call with us here.

Footnotes:

1Teucrium, “How Agricultural ETFs Fit into a Diversified Portfolio,” Teucrium Blog, last modified May 2, 2025, https://blog.teucrium.com/knowledge-center/how-agricultural-etfs-fit-into-diversified-portfolio.

2Teucrium, “The Golden Grain Cycle,” Teucrium Insights, accessed June 4, 2025, https://insights.teucrium.com/golden-grain-cycle


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